"Vocabulary and Grammar for the TOEFL Test" by Ingrid Wisniewska is a comprehensive guide designed to equip students with the essential language skills needed to excel on the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) exam. This book goes beyond simply listing vocabulary words and grammar rules; it provides a structured and practical approach to mastering the English language in the context of the TOEFL. The book is meticulously organized, typically starting with a diagnostic test to assess the student's current level of vocabulary and grammar proficiency. This allows learners to identify their strengths and weaknesses, enabling them to focus their studies on areas that require the most attention. Following the diagnostic test, the book is usually divided into thematic units, each covering a specific area of vocabulary and grammar relevant to the TOEFL. These themes often include topics such as academic language, scientific terminology, business vocabulary, and everyday expressions. Each unit generally follows a consistent format. It begins with a clear explanation of the grammar rules or vocabulary concepts being covered, often accompanied by illustrative examples. These explanations are written in a clear and concise manner, making them easy to understand even for students who are not native English speakers. Following the explanations, the book provides a variety of exercises and activities designed to reinforce the learned material. These exercises often include multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blanks, sentence completion, and paragraph writing, mirroring the types of questions found on the actual TOEFL exam. One of the key strengths of "Vocabulary and Grammar for the TOEFL Test" is its focus on practical application. The book doesn't just teach vocabulary and grammar in isolation; it shows students how to use these skills effectively in the context of reading, listening, speaking, and writing. For example, the book might include reading passages followed by comprehension questions that require students to use their vocabulary and grammar knowledge to understand the text. Similarly, it might include listening exercises followed by questions that test the student's ability to understand spoken English. The book also often includes tips and strategies for improving TOEFL scores. These tips might cover topics such as time management, test-taking strategies, and common mistakes to avoid. In addition, the book may include practice tests that simulate the actual TOEFL exam, allowing students to assess their progress and identify areas where they still need to improve. Wisniewska's approach emphasizes not just memorization, but also understanding and applying the concepts. The book likely delves into nuances of meaning, collocations, and idiomatic expressions, which are crucial for achieving a high score on the TOEFL. Furthermore, it probably offers strategies for deciphering unfamiliar words and phrases, a skill that is invaluable for tackling the reading and listening sections of the test. The explanations are often accompanied by charts, tables, and diagrams that help to visualize the grammar rules and vocabulary relationships. The book may also include audio recordings to help students improve their listening comprehension and pronunciation. A key feature is the inclusion of authentic TOEFL-style questions and prompts, allowing students to familiarize themselves with the format and difficulty level of the actual exam. The book likely provides detailed answer keys and explanations for all exercises and practice tests, allowing students to understand why they made mistakes and learn from them. Finally, "Vocabulary and Grammar for the TOEFL Test" by Ingrid Wisniewska is a valuable resource for any student preparing for the TOEFL exam. Its comprehensive coverage of vocabulary and grammar, its focus on practical application, and its inclusion of tips and strategies make it an essential tool for achieving a high score. На сайте есть и другие пдф книги с учебниками, которые можно читать и скачать бесплатно.